BMP-SMAD1/5 SIGNALING REGULATES RETINAL VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT

BMP-SMAD1/5 Signaling Regulates Retinal Vascular Development

Vascular development is an orchestrated process of vessel formation from pre-existing vessels via sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis as well as vascular remodeling to generate the mature vasculature.Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling via intracellular SMAD1 and SMAD5 effectors regulates sprouting angiogenesis in the early mouse embr

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G-Quadruplexes at Telomeres: Friend or Foe?

Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap and protect the ends of linear chromosomes.In almost all species, telomeric DNA has a G/C strand bias, and here the short tandem repeats of the G-rich strand have the capacity to form into secondary structures in vitro, such as four-stranded G-quadruplexes.This has long prompted speculation that G-quadru

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